---
title: "Keywords"
description: "The logical operator CASE represents an if-else statement. It is used to evaluate a certain condition and execute an expression if this condition is true. If the condition is false, another expression is executed."
canonical: "https://helpcenter.veeam.com/docs/one/userguide/logical.html"
breadcrumb: "User Guide > Appendices > Grouping Expressions Syntax > Keywords"
dateModified: "2026-10-23"
---

# Keywords

The logical operator `CASE` represents an *if-else* statement. It is used to evaluate a certain condition and execute an expression if this condition is true. If the condition is false, another expression is executed.

The `CASE` operator has the following syntax:

```
CASE 
WHEN "Value" = "1" THEN "Expression 1" 
ELSE "Expression 2" 
END
```

Here:

- `WHEN` statement represents a condition that must be evaluated. 
- `THEN` statement specifies a group to which an object must be placed if the condition is true.
- `ELSE` specifies a group to which an object must be placed if the condition is false.

You can include multiple `WHEN` statements to evaluate multiple conditions:

```
CASE
WHEN "Value" = "1" THEN "Expression 1"
WHEN "Value" = "2" THEN "Expression 2"
WHEN "Value" = "3" THEN "Expression 3"
ELSE "Expression 4"
END
```

## Limitations

You cannot nest one CASE expression within another `CASE` expression. However, you can include methods to define values in a `CASE` statement.

## Example

Business View includes a number of predefined categories that use `CASE` grouping expressions. You can use these predefined categories to understand how the `CASE` operator works.

For example, the *VMs with Snapshot* category uses the following grouping expression.

```
CASE
WHEN HasSnapshots = "No" THEN "No snapshots"
WHEN SnapshotCreateTime < DateAdd(Today, -30, "d") THEN "Older than 30 days"
WHEN SnapshotCreateTime < DateAdd(Today, -7, "d") THEN "Older than 7 days"
WHEN SnapshotCreateTime < DateAdd(Today, -1, "d") THEN "Older than 1 day"
ELSE "Recent snapshots"
END
```

Here:

- The first `WHEN` statement checks whether a VM has any snapshots. If a VM has no snapshots, this VM is included in the *No snapshots* group.
- The second, third and fourth `WHEN` statements check VM snapshot age. If the age more than 30 days, a VM in included in the *Older than 30 days* group. If the age more than 7 days, a VM in included in the *Older than 7 days* group. If the age more than 1 day, a VM in included in the *Older than 1 day* group. 
- The `ELSE` statement includes in the *Recent snapshots* group all VMs with snapshots not older than 1 day.